![]() Thus, a significant number of Jews did engage in minor forms of agriculture, though usually as secondary occupations. Many Jewish arendarzy (leaseholders) received a plot of land for personal use as one of the conditions of their lease. Few Jews made their living directly from actual farming, largely because Jews were legally forbidden to own land. From the mid-seventeenth century Jews increasingly shifted this activity toward the mass production of vodka. ![]() Some Jews also played a key role in grain export. Jews were also deeply involved in marketing agricultural produce, either as merchants or as leaseholders of taverns where grain was sold to peasants in the form of alcohol. ![]() ![]() Cattle market, Orla, Poland, 1920s–1930s. ![]()
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